Third-class chiefdom given in 1913 to Dukkurma, leader of the Jarawa; Usman Maleka from 1927; Bilyaminu Othman from 1977, under whom it became second class (1983) and a first-class emirate (1997); 'reigned for 32 years'; text says he died in September 2019 and was succeeded by his eldest son Usman Bilyaminu Othman II. Accessed 2026-10-01.