Language catalogue entry: ISO 639-3 tiv; classification Atlantic-Congo > Volta-Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern Bantoid > Tivoid; countries Nigeria and Cameroon; alternative name Munshi. Quotes Ethnologue (Eberhard, Simons & Fennig 2025): EGIDS 3 (Wider communication), 'de facto language of provincial identity in Benue, Nassarawa, Plateau, Taraba, and Cross River states, used in elementary education'.