Scholarly ethnographic entry: Tiv (sing. Or-Tiv) live on both sides of the Benue River, 220 km from its confluence with the Niger; a single Tiv language with regional dialects, classified within Niger-Congo; called Munshi or Munchi in Hausa; population estimates 1933 (600,000), 1950 (about 800,000), 1990 (more than a million).