🇳🇬 Ethnic group

Tiv

Tiv

Evidence: Multiple sources

The Tiv are a people of central Nigeria who live on both sides of the Benue River, with a smaller population in Cameroon. They speak the Tiv language.

Self-designation
Tiv

In the Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Paul Bohannan places the Tiv on both sides of the Benue River, about 220 kilometres from its confluence with the Niger. He notes that the south-east of their land borders the foothills of the Cameroons, "from whence the Tiv say they originally came" — an account the Tiv themselves give, recorded here as such.

The singular form is Or-Tiv ("a Tiv person"). Outsiders have also used the name Munshi or Munchi, which the Tiv have not adopted; see Other names.

Population estimates are given below with their sources and years; they are not directly comparable with one another.

  • Munchi · spelling variant
    Variant spelling of Munshi (Bohannan; Wikipedia).
  • Munshi · exonym
    Name used by outsiders — in Hausa according to Bohannan; by the Fulani according to Wikipedia — and in older records. Not accepted by the Tiv themselves.
  • Or-Tiv · other
    Singular: a Tiv person (Bohannan).

Each figure is shown with its year and source. Where sources differ, all figures are listed.

MeasureFigureYearSource
Population 1,000,000 (estimate) 1990 Tiv
Population 800,000 (other) 1950 Tiv
Population 600,000 (estimate) 1933 Tiv
  1. Tiv — Paul Bohannan, Encyclopedia of World Cultures (Gale) · link (accessed 24 Sep 2026)
    Supports: Tiv live on both sides of the Benue River; singular Or-Tiv
  2. Tiv people — Wikipedia contributors, Wikipedia · link (accessed 27 Jul 2026)
    Supports: Tiv live predominantly in Nigeria, with fewer in Cameroon
  3. Tiv (Glottocode tivv1240) — Glottolog (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology) · link (accessed 24 Sep 2026)
    Supports: Tiv language spoken in Nigeria and Cameroon
  4. Statement by the Tiv Heritage Archive owner (24 September 2026) — Tiv Heritage Archive (accessed 24 Sep 2026)
    Supports: Large number of Tiv speakers in Nasarawa State (community knowledge)

Last updated 24 September 2026. Spotted an error or have a source to add? Tell us.

← Nigeria Heritage Archive